Retirement planning is preparing financially to ensure sufficient income and lifestyle security after retiring from work.

Dollar-cost averaging means investing a fixed amount regularly, regardless of market conditions, to reduce timing risk.

Sector rotation is shifting investments between different sectors based on economic and market cycles.

CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) shows the mean annual growth rate of an investment over a period of time.

Book value is the net value of a company’s assets found on its balance sheet, calculated as total assets minus liabilities.

Market liquidity refers to how quickly and easily securities can be bought or sold without significantly affecting the price.

The derivatives market is where financial contracts like futures and options are traded, derived from underlying assets.

The primary market is where new securities are issued and sold to investors for the first time.

The secondary market is where existing securities are traded between investors, like stock exchanges.

Market depth shows the supply and demand at different price levels for a security, often seen in the order book.